Ere Ibeji from Igbomina

The Yoruba are divided into several ethnic sub-groups, each with its own stylistic variations in art. The Igbomina are one of these sub-groups, primarily located in the northern part of the Yoruba region, in the present-day states of Kwara and Osun in Nigeria. Their Ibeji are distinguished by stylistic characteristics that reflect both their adherence to local sculptural traditions and their interactions with other regions.

The Ibeji statuettes in the Igbomina style are recognized by several distinctive features:

1. Size and Proportion: Igbomina Ibeji are often larger and more elongated than those from other Yoruba regions such as Ijebu or Oyo. They typically measure between 26 and 33 cm.

2. Prominent Head: One of the most striking characteristics is the shape of the head, which is often oversized, elongated, or helmet-shaped. This exaggeration may be linked to the symbolic importance of the head (*ori*), which, in Yoruba cosmogony, is considered the seat of the soul and individual destiny.

3. Facial Scarification: Igbomina statuettes often feature distinctive scarifications on the face and sometimes on the torso. These marks serve as signs of identity, which can vary from clan to clan, and are often symbols of beauty or group affiliation.

4. Arms and Posture: The arms of Igbomina Ibeji are often straight and rigid, giving the statuettes an air of stability and strength. The hands may be oversized or intricately carved with well-defined fingers, enhancing their anthropomorphic character. In contrast, the legs are often slightly bent.

5. Lustrous Surface and Patina: Igbomina sculptures are often covered in a shiny, lustrous patina, resulting from the repeated handling of the statuette by the family, as well as the application of vegetable oils. This patina imparts a spiritual depth and an aura of sacredness to the statuette.

6. Elaborate Hairstyles: Another distinctive element is the sculpted hairstyle. Igbomina Ibeji often feature sophisticated hairstyles composed of braids or crests, sometimes accentuated with blue pigments (from indigo or plant dyes). This hairstyle serves as an indicator of social status and beauty in Yoruba culture.

The Igbomina style has influenced not only other Yoruba groups but also certain neighboring regions. Furthermore, over the centuries, Ibeji statuettes have become coveted collectibles among African art enthusiasts worldwide. This success can be attributed to the combination of sculptural finesse, dynamic proportions, and the emotional power these objects convey.

Thus, the Ibeji in the Igbomina style embody a strong artistic and spiritual tradition, rooted in a long history of respect and veneration for twins in Yoruba culture.

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